What is the mechanism of pernicious anemia?
Classic pernicious anemia is caused by the failure of gastric parietal cells to produce sufficient IF (a gastric protein secreted by parietal cells) to permit the absorption of adequate quantities of dietary vitamin B12.
How does pernicious anemia destroy parietal cells?
In pernicious anemia, the body makes antibodies that attack and destroy the parietal (pa-RI-eh-tal) cells. These cells line the stomach and make intrinsic factor. Why this autoimmune response occurs isn’t known. As a result of this attack, the stomach stops making intrinsic factor.
What is the correlation between destruction of parietal cells and Vit B12 deficiency?
Destruction of parietal cells leads to inability to absorb the vitamin B12 and hence to anaemia.
How does pernicious anemia cause the neurological manifestations?
In patients with pernicious anemia, methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels accumulate. Elevated levels of MMA and homocysteine contribute to myelin damage, which causes neurologic deficits, such as neuropathy and ataxia.
How does pernicious anemia cause neurological problems?
Why does vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious Anaemia?
Pernicious anemia involves autoimmune inflammation in the stomach and the inability to absorb vitamin B12 in the small intestine. While vitamin B12 deficiency anemia may be caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in the diet, pernicious anemia is caused by an inability to absorb vitamin B12.
What is the pathophysiology of pernicious anemia?
Rationale: Pernicious anemia (PA) is an autoimmune gastritis that results from the destruction of gastric parietal cells and the associated lack of an intrinsic factor to bind ingested vitamin B12.
What is the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease?
Pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease: a cytokine-mediated anemia The anemia found in patients with chronic infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic disorders, known as the anemia of chronic disease (ACD), is one of the most common syndromes in medicine.
What is anemia of chronic disease (ACD)?
The anemia found in patients with chronic infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic disorders, known as the anemia of chronic disease (ACD), is one of the most common syndromes in medicine.
How long does it take for pernicious anemia to evolve?
The evolution of gastric atrophy in most cases of pernicious anemia probably spans 20–30 years but this is difficult to assess in individual cases. The presence of gastric parietal cell antibody in the serum is predictive of autoimmune gastritis (Irvine et al., 1965, Serafini et al., 1970).