What is deep sulcus sign?
The deep sulcus sign (1) is seen on chest radiographs obtained with the patient in the supine position. It represents lucency of the lateral costophrenic angle extending toward the hypo- chondrium. The abnormally deepened lateral costophrenic an- gle may have a sharp, angular appearance (Figure).
How do I know if my CXR is rotated?
Rotation can be assessed by measuring the distance between the medial edges of the clavicles to the vertebral spinous processes. They should be equal or near equal. Anterior structures move the same direction as rotation so the clavicle/spinous process width is increased on the side to which the patient is rotated.
How is CT pneumothorax measured?
CT is considered more accurate than plain radiograph.
- British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines (2010): measured from chest wall to lung edge at the level of the hilum 12 <2 cm: small. ≥2 cm: large.
- American College of Chest Physicians guidelines (2001): measured from thoracic cupola to lung apex 13 <3 cm: small.
How can you tell when a chest film is not over or under penetrated?
A well penetrated chest X-ray is one where the vertebrae are just visible behind the heart. Although X-rays are still occasionally over or under exposed, a discussion of penetration now best serves as a reminder to check behind the heart. The left hemidiaphragm should be visible to the edge of the spine.
What is a CXR scan?
Chest X-ray is an imaging procedure that uses a very small amount of radiation, which quickly goes through your body in order to capture an internal image of your chest. A chest X-ray helps to indicate abnormal formations or a large variety of chest diseases such as pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, cancer, etc.
How is pneumothorax size measured on CXR?
A simple approach involves measuring the distance from the apex of the lung to the top margin of the visceral pleura (thoracic cupola) on the upright chest radiograph, so that a small pneumothorax is a distance to the apex that measures less than 3 cm and large pneumothorax has greater than 3 cm distance to the apex.
What is CXR in radiology?
The chest x-ray is the most commonly performed diagnostic x-ray examination. A chest x-ray produces images of the heart, lungs, airways, blood vessels and the bones of the spine and chest.
What is the deep sulcus sign of pneumothorax?
Deep Sulcus Sign of Pneumothorax. Double Diaphragm Sign of Pneumothorax. General Considerations. Seen on a supine chest radiograph, it is a sign, and may be the only sign, of a pneumothorax. In the supine position, air rises to the anterior and inferior portion of the thorax, first medially and then laterally.
What is the superior pulmonary sulcus?
Superior pulmonary sulcus. Dr Mostafa El-Feky and Dr Mohammed Al Khader.O.Thabet ◉ et al. The superior pulmonary sulcus (or just the superior sulcus) has been variously and inconsistently used in the past to refer to various structures in the pulmonary apex, both extrapulmonary and also a groove in the lung surface itself.
What is a sulcus sign test?
Sulcus Sign (Superior Capsule). The sulcus sign is designed to assess the superior capsular restraints, including the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament, in an adducted neutral posture. The examiner applies an inferiorly directed stress through the upper arm to minimize the effect of the biceps and triceps.
What are the signs and symptoms of superior sulcus tumor?
Superior sulcus tumor in an 84-year-old man with a 3-month history of shoulder pain and atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. (a) Frontal chest radiograph shows a large spiculated mass in the lateral portion of the right lung apex, with associated rib destruction.