What are the methods of parenteral drug administration?
The common parenteral routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV). Box 1 outlines the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes.
How is medicine administered by a parenteral route?
Parenteral Route of Medication An intravenous route directly administers the medications to the systemic circulation. It is indicated when a rapid drug effect is desired, a precise serum drug level is needed, or when drugs are unstable or poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Where do you give a dog an IM injection?
IM injections for canines are generally performed in the thigh muscles on the front of the rear limb or the hamstring muscles on the backside of the rear leg.
What are different routes of drug administration in lab animal?
Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral routes are the main paths of drug administration in laboratory animals, with each offering advantages and disadvantages depending on specific goal(s) of the study.
What is the most common route used to administer parenteral medications?
Parenteral drug administration can be taken literally to mean any non-oral means of drug administration, but it is generally interpreted as relating to injection directly into the body, by-passing the skin and mucous membranes. The common routes of parenteral administration are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous and IV.
What happens if you give an intramuscular injection subcutaneously?
Subcutaneous injections can lead to localised cellulitis, granuloma formation and abscess. The COVID-19 vaccine has shown to have high efficacy if given correctly intramuscularly. Subcutaneous injection can happen inadvertently (figure 1), affecting efficacy of vaccination and potentiate local adverse events.
Where on the body is a subcutaneous injection normally given?
The most common injection sites are: Abdomen: at or under the level of the belly button, about two inches away from the navel. Arm: back or side of the upper arm. Thigh: front of the thigh.
Why intraperitoneal injection is faster?
Drug that is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity by the portal system is subjected to hepatic first-pass elimination. The fast uptake of drug from the peritoneal cavity will result in a more rapid saturation of the drug metabolizing enzymes than following oral administration.
What is a parenteral drug?
Parenteral drug products include injections as well as implanted drugs injected through the skin or other external boundary tissue or implanted within the body to allow direct administration of drug substances into blood vessels, tissues organs or lesions.
What are the parenteral routes of Drug Administration?
The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are IV, IM, and SC, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Injectable preparations are usually sterile solutions or suspensions of drug in water or other suitable physiologically acceptable vehicles. Volumes delivered can range from milliliter to liter quantities.
How long does vetalog parenteral take to work in dogs?
Intralesional administration of Vetalog Parenteral is effective for treatment of dermatological disorders such as moist eczema, frictional acanthosis and other dermatitides in dogs and cats. Inflammation and pruritus are often abated within one to three days.
How are medications administered to dogs and cats?
In dogs and cats, tablets, capsules, solutions, and suspensions are administered orally; pastes are also applied to the forelimbs of cats from which they are licked and ingested. In horses, solutions and suspensions are administered by nasogastric tubes, pastes are applied to the tongue, and granules are added to rations for ingestion.
What is the oral route of administration in dogs?
The oral route of administration is frequently used in both companion and food animals. In dogs and cats, tablets, capsules, solutions, and suspensions are administered orally; pastes are also applied to the forelimbs of cats from which they are licked and ingested.